European DNA Working Group - EDNAP

Early studies focused on the application of single-locus DNA probes, demonstrating that results obtained by different laboratories were sufficiently consistent to allow reliable inter-laboratory comparisons. Subsequent collaborative exercises evaluated PCR-based STR loci for their suitability for standardization, leading to the recommendation of two loci as “European” systems for forensic casework. As forensic DNA analysis moved towards automation, EDNAP also investigated the impact of automated PCR fragment analysis using fluorescent detection. These studies confirmed that automation significantly increases sample throughput while enabling standardized, computer-based data recording. Further exercises validated the reliability of STR typing and supported the establishment of a European Standard Set of loci (ESS), including TH01, VWA, FGA, and D21S11. This set was later adopted by Interpol and ENFSI and expanded through continued collaboration. EDNAP has also contributed to the evaluation of Y-chromosomal STR systems and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms. Between 1997 and 2000, the group participated in the European Commission–funded project Standardization of DNA Profiling in Europe. Recognizing the need for robust mtDNA data quality control, EDNAP initiated the EMPOP (EDNAP mtDNA Population Database) project in 1999, which went online in 2006 and continues to provide a key resource for forensic genetics. Since 2004, EDNAP has maintained close collaboration with the ENFSI DNA Working Group through joint meetings and shared initiatives. This partnership has strengthened scientific exchange and supported the development of recommendations, including the expansion of the ESS marker set. Current activities include the evaluation of SNP markers, the identification of body fluids using mRNA-based approaches, and the assessment of emerging technologies in forensic genetics. In line with EDNAP principles, all findings are published in peer-reviewed scientific literature.